Dog vocal cord resection is a common surgery in clinical surgery in small animals today, with the main purpose of eliminating or reducing the barking sounds of dogs. There are two surgical methods for removing the vocal cords, namely oral resection and ventral laryngeal ventricular resection. Anesthesia and preventive measures should be taken after ventral laryngeal ventricular vocal cord resection to prevent vomiting from dogs, fast 10 to 12 hours before the operation, and stop drinking water within 2 hours. 15 minutes before anesthesia, intramuscular injection of atropine 0.05mg /kg to relax smooth muscles, inhibit gland secretion, reduce respiratory mucus and salivary gland secretion, which is conducive to maintaining airway patency, inhibiting vagus nerve reflex, accelerating heart rate, and significantly reducing airway resistance. Eliminate cardiovascular and respiratory abnormalities caused by parasympathetic excitation caused by anesthetic drugs. Hematoxylin injection is intramuscular, with a dose of 0.01 mg/kg.
The dog lies on its back, stabilizes the head while the neck is kept tight, and makes the Adam's apple protrude, which is conducive to the accurate positioning of the surgical department and the full display of the vocal cords after the thyroid cartilage is incised. Do not make the dog's neck too high, otherwise it will cause respiratory depression or intraoperative bleeding flows deep into the trachea. The
operation method uses the thyroid cartilage protrusion as the center of the incision, and the skin is incised 6cm in the midline (can be adjusted according to the size of the dog). Carefully separate the sternum and hyoid muscles to reduce bleeding. For young dogs of ordinary size, when the thyroid cartilage is not hard, the thyroid cartilage is cut longitudinally about 3 cm. The assistant uses a small invasive hook to pull the thyroid cartilage away to both sides to make the vocal cords fully manifest. The surgeon holds an elbow hemostasis forceps to clamp one side of the vocal cord, and the other holds a blunt-head surgical scissor (not large) so that the curved part of the scissors can completely cut off the vocal cord along the inner cavity wall of the thyroid cartilage. Cut off the vocal cord tissue as much as possible, including the vocal ligament and vocal cord muscles. Use the head bend of the hemostasis forceps and scissors to clamp and cut the vocal cords separately and avoid branches near the laryngeal artery. Spraying 2% lidocaine into the throat room for surface anesthesia can reduce the stimulation response of the wound in the throat room. After the vocal cords were removed, press them with a degreased cotton ball soaked with 0.1% adrenaline for about 10 seconds. If there is serious bleeding such as laryngeal artery branch injury, the hemostatic method can be used to stop the bleeding, and tracheal intubation can be performed after the operation, so that the cuff on the intubation can be inflated and compressed the bleeding site. If there is blood or a lot of secretions in the trachea, the dog's head should be lowered to facilitate the removal of foreign matter in the trachea and can also be sucked out through the trachea intubation.
When the wound edge of the thyroid cartilage was intermittently sutured, there was no significant difference between the full-thick suture and the non-penetrating mucosal suture. In my opinion, non-penetrating mucosal sutures can reduce the chance of wound irritation and tracheal infection. The edges of the cartilage wound should be tightly sutured to prevent laryngeal airflow from passing through the incision and penetrating the subcutaneously causing infection. Generally, 2/3 arc triangle needles and 4-number wire threads (preferably absorbable threads) are used to sew.
The oral vocal cord resection is performed, the tongue is pulled outside the outlet cavity, and the laryngeal lens is used to press the root of the tongue and the tip of the epiglottis cartilage, exposing the vocal cords on both sides. First, use long-handled tissue forceps to clamp from the dorsal side of the vocal cords in sequence, and then use long blunt-head bending surgical scissors to cut off the clamped vocal cords.
After the surgery, the same amount of Su Xingling injection as an anesthetic, so that the dog can wake up in time. After relaxing the dog, keep the dog in a prone position, with its head slightly lowered until no blood flows out. After waking up, excessive secretion fluid in the trachea or blood flowing out during surgery will be coughed out, which will have a certain effect on eliminating foreign objects in the trachea.
After the operation, keep the dog as quiet as possible, reduce external stimulation, and prevent the dog from barking and affecting wound healing. To reduce barking and prevent coughing, sedatives and cough suppressants are available. To prevent infection, antibiotics were administered for 3 days. Dogs within 1 to 2 days after the operation show discomfort in swallowing and should be fed liquid food. The stitches will be removed 8 to 10 days after the operation.
The quarter of the ventral laryngeal vocal cords should not be removed. After resection, scar tissue hyperplasia, forming a fiber web around the glottis, resulting in functional changes in the laryngeal ventricular structure. To reduce scar tissue hyperplasia after vocal cord resection, 2 mg /kg of prednisolone was used for 2 weeks. 3 months after the dog's silence, the wound in the vocal cord resection area was basically covered with epithelial. Plate-like membrane tissue will grow from the throat wall, which resembles the vocal cords and has the motor functions of adduction and abduction as the dipper area moves. We call the vocal cord reconstruction phenomenon. The reconstructed vocal cords are mainly composed of connective tissue transformed from granulation tissue. Fibroblasts are the most numerous cells in this connective tissue. Because of their strong regeneration ability, they can quickly proliferate and respond to damage, thus becoming the main factor in repair.